An artificial intelligence system has outperformed human doctors on a range of demanding clinical tasks, including diagnosing patients and managing their care in emergency settings, according to a new study led by Harvard researchers and published in the journal Science. The AI model tested, OpenAI's "o1 preview," was able to carry out triage in emergency rooms, recommend diagnostic tests, and handle case management at a level that matched or surpassed even highly experienced physicians.
The researchers tested the model on 76 real emergency room cases at a Boston hospital, assessing it at three points: initial triage, first contact with a doctor, and admission to a ward or intensive care unit.
Two independent doctors, who did not know whether the assessments came from the AI or from human specialists, judged the AI to have matched or beaten human performance at every stage. It proved particularly strong during initial triage, when the least information was available.
Researchers stressed that AI should work alongside doctors rather than replace them, and that human contact remains central to medicine.
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